Extended Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching
نویسنده
چکیده
Steganography is a method of hiding secret messages into a cover-media such that an unintended observer will not be aware of the existence of the hidden messages. The carrier of steganography can be various kinds of digital media such as image, audio, and video, etc. Digital images are widely transmitted over the Internet; therefore, they often serve as a carrier for covert communication. A good data-hiding method should be capable of evading visual and statistical detection while providing an adjustable payload. In [1], authors proposed Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching (APPM). The basic idea of Pixel Pair Matching (PPM) is to use the values of pixel pair as a reference coordinate, and search a coordinate in the neighborhood set of this pixel pair according to a given message digit. The pixel pair is then replaced by the searched coordinate to conceal the digit. APPM allows users to select digits in any notational system for data embedding, and thus achieves a better image quality. APPM not only resolves the low-payload problem in EMD, but also offers smaller MSE compared with OPAP and DE. Moreover, because APPM produces no artifacts in stego images and the steganalysis results are similar to those of the cover images, it offers a secure communication under adjustable embedding capacity. This paper proposes an extension to APPM, for high definition color images. EAPPM provides high data capacity without compromising on performance and security of APPM.
منابع مشابه
High Capacity Data Embedding in Images by Pixel Triplets Matching
In this paper a data hiding method based on pixel pair matching (PPM) is presented. Pixel pair matching uses a pair of pixel intensity values as reference coordinates and searches the coordinate neighborhood according to the given message digit. The searched coordinate which encodes the message digit is put in place of the pixel pair. Exploiting modification direction (EMD), Diamond Encoding (D...
متن کاملA New Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
This paper proposes a new adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) for a class of nonlinear systems perturbed by noise which is not necessarily additive. The proposed filter is adaptive against the uncertainty in the process and measurement noise covariances. This is accomplished by deriving two recursive updating rules for the noise covariances, these rules are easy to implement and reduce the n...
متن کاملImproved Adaptive-Support Stereo Matching Using Local Features
Stereo matching is a process of estimating the disparity for every pixel in a pair of stereo images. Among the various stereo-matching algorithms, the adaptive supportweight (ASW) approach is the most representative local method that determines the disparity by using statistical correlation within a local support window. In the ASW approach, the degree of correspondence between two pixels withi...
متن کاملCorrelation techniques in adaptive template matching
The use of correlation as a measure of similarity between two signals is a well known technique. Correlation is commonly used in stereo vision to solve the correspondence problem. In this context the aim is to nd the position of a point in one of the two images of a weakly calibrated stereo pair which corresponds to a point in the other image. Template windows are chosen from the rst image as 2...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2013